ELK | 使用 docker部署三节点 Elasticsearch 集群

环境准备#

硬件环境

操作系统：Centos Stream 9

CPU：4 颗

内存：8GB

硬盘：50GB
软件环境

docker 版本：26.1.0

docker compose 版本：v2.26.1

部署过程#

准备基础环境，安装 Docker#

1、安装 yum-utils 软件包（提供 yum-config-manager 实用程序）并设置存储库，命令如下。

# 安装 yum-utils 软件包
yum install -y yum-utils
# 设置docker-ce存储库
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

2、安装最新版 docker 及其组件，命令如下。

yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

3、启动 Docker 服务，并设置为开机自启动，命令如下。

# 启动Docker服务
systemctl start docker
# 设置Docker为开机自启动
systemctl enable docker
# 查看Docker服务状态
systemctl status docker

4、修改 Docker 的数据目录为 “/data/dockerData”，并重启 docker 服务使配置生效。

# 创建Docker守护进程配置文件
# 编辑配置文件/etc/docker/daemon.json，配置docker数据目录
vi /etc/docker/daemon.json
**************************daemon.json**************************
{
  "data-root": "/data/dockerData"
}
**************************daemon.json**************************

# 重启docker服务，使配置生效
systemctl restart docker

5、设置与内存映射相关的内核参数为 262144，查看应用到系统的内核参数。

echo "vm.max_map_count=262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p

6、配置防火墙策略

firewall-cmd --add-port=9200/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --add-port=80/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --add-port=443/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --add-port=5601/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload
firewall-cmd --list-all

部署 elk 集群#

1、创建构建容器所需要的文件目录，并赋予相应的访问权限。

cd /data
mkdir es-node1  es-node2  es-node3  elk-kibana
chmod g+rwx es-node1  es-node2  es-node3  elk-kibana
chgrp 0 es-node1  es-node2  es-node3  elk-kibana

2、在 /data/script 目录下，创建并编辑 .env 文件，用来配置 elk 的环境变量。

mkdir /data/script
vi /data/script/.env
**************************.env**************************
# Elasticsearch的密码
ELASTIC_PASSWORD=elk#bd@123
# Kibana的密码
KIBANA_PASSWORD=elk#bd@123
# Elastic Stack的版本号
STACK_VERSION=8.13.3
# Elastic Stack的集群名称
CLUSTER_NAME=ELK-docker-Cluster
# 指定Elastic Stack的许可证类型
LICENSE=basic
# 指定Elasticsearch的端口号
ES_PORT=9200
# 指定Kibana的端口号
KIBANA_PORT=5601
# 指定内存限制
MEM_LIMIT=2147483648
# 指定Docker Compose项目的名称
COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME=elk-docker-project
**************************.env**************************

3、创建 logstash 容器所需的目录和配置文件。

mkdir -p logstash/config logstash/pipeline
echo 'http.host: "0.0.0.0"' > /data/logstash/config/logstash.yml
vi /data/logstash/pipeline/logstash.conf
**************************logstash.conf**************************
input {
  beats {
    port => 5044
  }
}

output {
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["https://es-node1:9200"]
    index => "%{[@metadata][beat]}-%{[@metadata][version]}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
    user => "elastic"
    password => "elk#bd@123"
    cacert=> "/usr/share/logstash/config/certs/ca/ca.crt"
  }
}
**************************logstash.conf**************************

4、创建 docker compose 文件，编排创建 es 初始化节点、es 三节点、Kibana、logstash 容器。

vi /data/script/elk.yml
**************************elk.yml**************************
services:
  es-setup:
    image: docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:${STACK_VERSION}
    container_name: es-setup
    volumes:
      - /data/elk-certs:/usr/share/elasticsearch/config/certs
    user: "0"
    networks:
      net:
        ipv4_address: 172.20.100.10
    command: >
      bash -c '
        if [ x${ELASTIC_PASSWORD} == x ]; then
          echo "Set the ELASTIC_PASSWORD environment variable in the .env file";
          exit 1;
        elif [ x${KIBANA_PASSWORD} == x ]; then
          echo "Set the KIBANA_PASSWORD environment variable in the .env file";
          exit 1;
        fi;
        
        if [ ! -f config/certs/ca.zip ]; then
          echo "Creating CA";
          bin/elasticsearch-certutil ca --silent --pem -out config/certs/ca.zip;
          unzip config/certs/ca.zip -d config/certs;
        fi;
        if [ ! -f config/certs/certs.zip ]; then
          echo "Creating certs";
          echo -ne \
          "instances:\n"\
          "  - name: es-node1\n"\
          "    dns:\n"\
          "      - es-node1\n"\
          "      - localhost\n"\
          "    ip:\n"\
          "      - 127.0.0.1\n"\
          "  - name: es-node2\n"\
          "    dns:\n"\
          "      - es-node2\n"\
          "      - localhost\n"\
          "    ip:\n"\
          "      - 127.0.0.1\n"\
          "  - name: es-node3\n"\
          "    dns:\n"\
          "      - es-node3\n"\
          "      - localhost\n"\
          "    ip:\n"\
          "      - 127.0.0.1\n"\
          > config/certs/instances.yml;
          bin/elasticsearch-certutil cert --silent --pem -out config/certs/certs.zip --in config/certs/instances.yml --ca-cert config/certs/ca/ca.crt --ca-key config/certs/ca/ca.key;
          unzip config/certs/certs.zip -d config/certs;
        fi;

        echo "Setting file permissions";
        chown -R root:root config/certs;
        find . -type d -exec chmod 750 \{\} \;;
        find . -type f -exec chmod 640 \{\} \;;
        echo "Waiting for Elasticsearch availability";
        until curl -s --cacert config/certs/ca/ca.crt https://es-node1:9200 | grep -q "missing authentication credentials"; do sleep 30; done;
        echo "Setting kibana_system password";
        until curl -s -X POST --cacert config/certs/ca/ca.crt -u "elastic:${ELASTIC_PASSWORD}" -H "Content-Type: application/json" https://es-node1:9200/_security/user/kibana_system/_password -d "{\"password\":\"${KIBANA_PASSWORD}\"}" | grep -q "^{}"; do sleep 10; done;
        echo "All done!";
      '
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD-", "[ -f config/certs/es-node1/es-node1.crt ]"]
      interval: 1s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 120

  es-node1:
    depends_on:
      es-setup:
        condition: service_healthy
    image: docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:${STACK_VERSION}
    container_name: es-node1
    restart: always
    networks:
      net:
        ipv4_address: 172.20.100.11
    volumes:
      - /data/elk-certs:/usr/share/elasticsearch/config/certs
      - /data/es-node1:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data
    ports:
      - ${ES_PORT}:9200
    environment:
      - node.name=es-node1
      - cluster.name=${CLUSTER_NAME}
      - cluster.initial_master_nodes=es-node1,es-node2,es-node3
      - discovery.seed_hosts=es-node2,es-node3
      - ELASTIC_PASSWORD=${ELASTIC_PASSWORD}
      - bootstrap.memory_lock=true
      - xpack.security.enabled=true
      - xpack.security.http.ssl.enabled=true
      - xpack.security.http.ssl.key=certs/es-node1/es-node1.key
      - xpack.security.http.ssl.certificate=certs/es-node1/es-node1.crt
      - xpack.security.http.ssl.certificate_authorities=certs/ca/ca.crt
      - xpack.security.transport.ssl.enabled=true
      - xpack.security.transport.ssl.key=certs/es-node1/es-node1.key
      - xpack.security.transport.ssl.certificate=certs/es-node1/es-node1.crt
      - xpack.security.transport.ssl.certificate_authorities=certs/ca/ca.crt
      - xpack.security.transport.ssl.verification_mode=certificate
      - xpack.license.self_generated.type=${LICENSE}
    mem_limit: ${MEM_LIMIT}
    ulimits:
      memlock:
        soft: -1
        hard: -1
    healthcheck:
      test:
        [
          "CMD-",
          "curl -s --cacert config/certs/ca/ca.crt https://localhost:9200 | grep -q 'missing authentication credentials'",
        ]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 120
    extra_hosts:
      - "es-node1:172.20.100.11"
      - "es-node2:172.20.100.12"
      - "es-node3:172.20.100.13"

  es-node2:
    depends_on:
      - es-node1
    image: docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:${STACK_VERSION}
    container_name: es-node2
    restart: always
    networks:
      net:
        ipv4_address: 172.20.100.12
    volumes:
      - /data/elk-certs:/usr/share/elasticsearch/config/certs
      - /data/es-node2:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data
    environment:
      - node.name=es-node2
      - cluster.name=${CLUSTER_NAME}
      - cluster.initial_master_nodes=es-node1,es-node2,es-node3
      - discovery.seed_hosts=es-node1,es-node3
      - bootstrap.memory_lock=true
      - xpack.security.enabled=true
      - xpack.security.http.ssl.enabled=true
      - xpack.security.http.ssl.key=certs/es-node2/es-node2.key
      - xpack.security.http.ssl.certificate=certs/es-node2/es-node2.crt
      - xpack.security.http.ssl.certificate_authorities=certs/ca/ca.crt
      - xpack.security.transport.ssl.enabled=true
      - xpack.security.transport.ssl.key=certs/es-node2/es-node2.key
      - xpack.security.transport.ssl.certificate=certs/es-node2/es-node2.crt
      - xpack.security.transport.ssl.certificate_authorities=certs/ca/ca.crt
      - xpack.security.transport.ssl.verification_mode=certificate
      - xpack.license.self_generated.type=${LICENSE}
    mem_limit: ${MEM_LIMIT}
    ulimits:
      memlock:
        soft: -1
        hard: -1
    healthcheck:
      test:
        [
          "CMD-",
          "curl -s --cacert config/certs/ca/ca.crt https://localhost:9200 | grep -q 'missing authentication credentials'",
        ]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 120
    extra_hosts:
      - "es-node1:172.20.100.11"
      - "es-node2:172.20.100.12"
      - "es-node3:172.20.100.13"

  es-node3:
    depends_on:
      - es-node2
    image: docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:${STACK_VERSION}
    container_name: es-node3
    restart: always
    networks:
      net:
        ipv4_address: 172.20.100.13
    volumes:
      - /data/elk-certs:/usr/share/elasticsearch/config/certs
      - /data/es-node3:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data
    environment:
      - node.name=es-node3
      - cluster.name=${CLUSTER_NAME}
      - cluster.initial_master_nodes=es-node1,es-node2,es-node3
      - discovery.seed_hosts=es-node1,es-node2
      - bootstrap.memory_lock=true
      - xpack.security.enabled=true
      - xpack.security.http.ssl.enabled=true
      - xpack.security.http.ssl.key=certs/es-node3/es-node3.key
      - xpack.security.http.ssl.certificate=certs/es-node3/es-node3.crt
      - xpack.security.http.ssl.certificate_authorities=certs/ca/ca.crt
      - xpack.security.transport.ssl.enabled=true
      - xpack.security.transport.ssl.key=certs/es-node3/es-node3.key
      - xpack.security.transport.ssl.certificate=certs/es-node3/es-node3.crt
      - xpack.security.transport.ssl.certificate_authorities=certs/ca/ca.crt
      - xpack.security.transport.ssl.verification_mode=certificate
      - xpack.license.self_generated.type=${LICENSE}
    mem_limit: ${MEM_LIMIT}
    ulimits:
      memlock:
        soft: -1
        hard: -1
    healthcheck:
      test:
        [
          "CMD-",
          "curl -s --cacert config/certs/ca/ca.crt https://localhost:9200 | grep -q 'missing authentication credentials'",
        ]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 120
    extra_hosts:
      - "es-node1:172.20.100.11"
      - "es-node2:172.20.100.12"
      - "es-node3:172.20.100.13"

  kibana:
    depends_on:
      es-node1:
        condition: service_healthy
      es-node2:
        condition: service_healthy
      es-node3:
        condition: service_healthy
    image: docker.elastic.co/kibana/kibana:${STACK_VERSION}
    container_name: kibana
    restart: always
    networks:
      net:
        ipv4_address: 172.20.100.14
    volumes:
      - /data/elk-certs:/usr/share/kibana/config/certs
      - /data/kibana:/usr/share/kibana/data
    ports:
      - ${KIBANA_PORT}:5601
    environment:
      - SERVERNAME=kibana
      - ELASTICSEARCH_HOSTS=https://es-node1:9200
      - ELASTICSEARCH_USERNAME=kibana_system
      - ELASTICSEARCH_PASSWORD=${KIBANA_PASSWORD}
      - ELASTICSEARCH_SSL_CERTIFICATEAUTHORITIES=config/certs/ca/ca.crt
    mem_limit: ${MEM_LIMIT}
    healthcheck:
      test:
        [
          "CMD-",
          "curl -s -I http://localhost:5601 | grep -q 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found'",
        ]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 120
  logstash:
    image: docker.elastic.co/logstash/logstash:${STACK_VERSION}
    container_name: logstash
    volumes:
      - /data/elk-certs:/usr/share/logstash/config/certs
      - /data/logstash/pipeline:/usr/share/logstash/pipeline
      - /data/logstash/config/logstash.yml:/usr/share/logstash/config/logstash.yml
    user: "0"
    restart: always
    ports:
      - 5044:5044
    networks:
      net:
        ipv4_address: 172.20.100.15
    extra_hosts:
      - "es-node1:172.20.100.11"
      - "es-node2:172.20.100.12"
      - "es-node3:172.20.100.13"
networks:
  net:
    driver: bridge
    ipam:
      config:
        - subnet: 172.20.100.0/24
**************************elk.yml**************************

执行命令，创建容器

docker compose -f /data/script/elk.yml up -d

[+] Running 42/16
✔ es-node3 Pulled 35.6s
✔ es-setup Pulled 35.6s
✔ logstash Pulled 96.0s
✔ kibana Pulled 99.3s
✔ es-node2 Pulled 35.6s
✔ es-node1 Pulled 35.6s

[+] Running 7/7
✔ Network elk-docker-project_net Crea… 0.6s
✔ Container es-setup Healthy 21.6s
✔ Container logstash Started 12.5s
✔ Container es-node1 Healthy 72.5s
✔ Container es-node2 Healthy 72.5s
✔ Container es-node3 Healthy 73.0s
✔ Container kibana Started 73.4s

容器创建完成后，查看各容器状态是否正常

docker ps

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5b591d4ade82 docker.elastic.co/kibana/kibana:8.13.3 “/bin/tini — /usr/l…” 5 minutes ago Up 4 minutes (healthy) 0.0.0.0:5601->5601/tcp, :::5601->5601/tcp kibana
e2e75a54149e docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:8.13.3 “/bin/tini — /usr/l…” 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes (healthy) 9200/tcp, 9300/tcp es-node3
b8c8357f3634 docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:8.13.3 “/bin/tini — /usr/l…” 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes (healthy) 9200/tcp, 9300/tcp es-node2
c552940bd559 docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:8.13.3 “/bin/tini — /usr/l…” 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes (healthy) 0.0.0.0:9200->9200/tcp, :::9200->9200/tcp, 9300/tcp es-node1
0366974065d8 docker.elastic.co/logstash/logstash:8.13.3 “/usr/local/bin/dock…” 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes 0.0.0.0:5044->5044/tcp, :::5044->5044/tcp, 9600/tcp logstash

5、修改 kibana 的配置文件，将其语言转化为中文。

docker cp kibana:/usr/share/kibana/config/kibana.yml .
vi kibana.yml
**************************kibana.yml**************************
 #
# ** THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE **
#

# Default Kibana configuration for docker target
server.host: "0.0.0.0"
server.shutdownTimeout: "5s"
elasticsearch.hosts: [ "http://elasticsearch:9200" ]
monitoring.ui.container.elasticsearch.enabled: true
i18n.locale: "zh-CN"
server.publicBaseUrl: "http://localhost:5601/"
**************************kibana.yml**************************
docker cp kibana.yml  kibana:/usr/share/kibana/config/kibana.yml
docker restart kibana

6、在浏览器中分别访问https://10.10.2.103:9200/和http://10.10.2.103:5601/，输入账户和密码，进行查看，如下图所示。

推送 Linux 日志，验证部署#

1、安装 Filebeat 日志采集器

（1）通过 rpm 方式安装 Filebeat 日志采集器。

#下载rpm包
curl -L -O https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/beats/filebeat/filebeat-8.13.3-x86_64.rpm
#执行安装
rpm -vi filebeat-8.13.3-x86_64.rpm

（2）配置 Filebeat

#启动Filebeat
systemctl start filebeat
#查看Filebeat运行状态
systemctl status filebeat
#设置Filebeat为开机自启
systemctl enable filebeat

2、配置 Filebeat 收集 Linux 日志

（1）配置 filebeat 文件，将日志发送到 Logstash 服务。

# 修改filebeat配置文件
mv /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml.bak
# 新建filebeat配置文件
vi /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml
**************************filebeat-dns.yml**************************
# 配置文件输入，监视日志文件
filebeat.inputs:
- type: log
  enabled: true
  # 指定 DNS 日志文件路径
  paths:
    - /var/log/messages* 
  # 标识日志类型为elk-linux
  fields:
    type: elk-linux      
  # 将额外的字段添加到根级别    
  fields_under_root: true        

# 配置输出到 Logstash
# 指定 Logstash 服务的地址和端口
output.logstash:
  hosts: ["10.10.2.103:5044"]   
**************************filebeat-dns.yml**************************

（2）重启 filebeat 服务，验证配置是否生效

# 重启filebeat
systemctl restart filebeat
# 删除锁文件后，重新启动 Filebeat 服务
rm -rf /var/lib/filebeat/filebeat.lock
# 运行并查看 Filebeat 的运行日志
filebeat -e -c /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml

3、在浏览器中登录 Kibana，点击左侧菜单中的 “Stack Management”，管理创建数据视图。如下图所示。

4、在 “Stack Management” 界面中，点击 “数据视图”，选择索引模式，创建 “elk-linux” 视图。如下图所示。

5、数据视图创建完成后，选择左侧菜单中的 “Discover”，查看 Linux 日志详细内容。如下图所示。由此，elk 集群搭建完成。